AI Sampling Singapore Primary Function: Bangunang Bola Mappammulang by Immanuel Koh

AI Sampling Singapore Primary Function: Bangunang Bola Mappammulang by Immanuel Koh is a highly esteemed winner of the very prestigious 2025 A' Design Award Bessi in Desain Generatif, Algoritmik, Parametrik na Berbantu AI Competition Category.

BessiGeneratif· 2025

AI Sampling Singapore Primary Function: Bangunang Bola Mappammulang

by Immanuel Koh

Client: Immanuel Koh

A' Design Award Bessi Winner in Generatif Category

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The Design

About AI Sampling Singapore Primary Function: Bangunang Bola Mappammulang

Book Text: Singapura iyanaritu kota buatang. Riajara sibawa kumpulang data 3D model digital bola matanre iya engkae ri Singapura, model AI iya ridisaing alena pammulang tania bawang mappancaji bentuk iya cocoé secara formal sibawa konsisten secara makna, iyakiya mappammulai topa mappikkiri bentuk arsitektur iya barué sibawa makébbié, interpolasi sibawa ekstrapolasi ri yelle'na tipologi bola matanre standar pada-pada blok slab, point, sibawa cluster.

The Recognition

About the A' Design Award Bessi

AI Sampling Singapore Primary Function: Bangunang Bola Mappammulang iyanaritu pakoro A' Design Award Bessi, pakalebbi iya malebbi iya ripabbere ri desain makessing iya mappabbura persyaratan profesional sibawa industri iya ripakkirangngi pole ri ciptaan iya makessing ripikkiri. Pakoro Bessi mappakita keterampilan malompo, spesialisasi dalleng, pemahaman ahli sibawa kapasitas kreatif tau mabbuat. AI Sampling Singapore Primary Function: Bangunang Bola Mappammulang ripakkirangngi mancaji ciptaan iya ripakalebbi, ripuji sibawa rirennu iya praktis sibawa inovatif. Desain pakoro A' Design Award Bessi iyae mappasilaong praktik tepat industri sibawa napaitai karakteristik teknis iya kompeten iya sipulung sibawa pengetahuan sibawa bakat. Nasaba ketelitiannna, AI Sampling Singapore Primary Function: Bangunang Bola Mappammulang mappoleang pakalebbi sibawa ripikkiri mappabbere perbaikan kualitas laleng iya ritulung mappadeceng lino mancaji tempe makessing.

Behind the Design

Press Kit

Credits, team members and technical details provided by the designer.

Unique Properties: Is it possible to sample at scale and at high-resolution every single building ever built in a country? If so, can such a dataset be used to train an AI model in generating new yet locally compliant buildings without any explicit regulatory control inputs? The project explores the design agency of deep generative neural networks in learning three-dimensional exteriority and interiority with a redesigned 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model. Winner of WAFX2024, IDA2024 and BLT2024.
Dimensions & Packaging: This is a digital AI x Architecture project. Each generated output is a new high-rise high-density residential public housing of up to 30 floors.
Tags: AI
Production Technology: A custom generative AI model was trained from scratch using proprietary code base and dataset. Specifically, a 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model was trained to learn semantic and spatial configuration of high-rise high-density residential public housing in Singapore.
Design Challenge: The non-existence of 3D models and their corresponding floor plans was the first challenge. New workflow and tools had to be developed to not only collect (i.e., digitally and physically), but create (annotate) and curate (i.e., exploratory data analysis) such high quality dataset to train an AI model from scratch. Technically difficult due to the scalability of similar CAD representation which was overcome via a novel AI latent representation of 3D.
Research: A custom generative AI model was trained from scratch using proprietary code base and dataset. Specifically, a 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model was trained to learn semantic and spatial configuration of high-rise high-density residential public housing in Singapore.
Inspiration: Singapore is an artificial city! Trained with a large dataset of 3D digital models of high-rise buildings found in Singapore, the custom-designed AI model generates not only formally plausible and semantically coherent configurations, but begins to also imagine novel and uncanny architectural forms, interpolating and extrapolating among standard high-rise housing typologies such as the slab, point, and cluster blocks. Project exhibited at Venice Architecture Biennale and Singapore's Arts House.
Project Duration: This is an on-going and longer-term AI x Architecture research being conducted at the university design lab since 2021. It was however only published much later as an official architectural design award entry from 2024 onwards.
Operation Flow: This is a digital AI x Architecture generative research project, while the dataset was digitally collected from existing physical buildings in Singapore.
Patents: Currently no patent.
Team Members: Artificial-Architecture
Image Credits: All credits: Artificial-Architecture