AI Sampling Singapore Primaire Funksje: Wenningarsjitektuer by Immanuel Koh

AI Sampling Singapore Primaire Funksje: Wenningarsjitektuer by Immanuel Koh is a highly esteemed winner of the very prestigious 2025 A' Design Award yn Izer in Generatyf, Algoritmysk, Parametrysk en AI-stipe Ûntwerp Competition Category.

IzerGeneratyf· 2025

AI Sampling Singapore Primaire Funksje: Wenningarsjitektuer

by Immanuel Koh

Client: Immanuel Koh

A' Design Award yn Izer Winner in Generatyf Category

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Verified Award Winner

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The Design

About AI Sampling Singapore Primaire Funksje: Wenningarsjitektuer

Singapore is in keunstmjittige stêd. Traind mei in grutte dataset fan 3D-digitale modellen fan hege gebouwen dy't yn Singapore te finen binne, generearret it op maat ûntwurpen AI-model net allinnich formeel oannimlike en semantysk gearhingjende konfiguraasjes, mar begjint it ek nije en ûnwennige arsjitektoanyske foarmen foar te stellen, dy't ynterpolearret en ekstrapolearret tusken standertypologyen foar hege wenningbou lykas de plaat-, punt- en klusterblokken.

The Recognition

About the A' Design Award yn Izer

AI Sampling Singapore Primaire Funksje: Wenningarsjitektuer is in winner fan de A' Design Award yn Izer, in prestisjeuze erkenning foar goede ûntwerpen dy't foldogge oan de profesjonele en yndustriële easken dy't ferwachte wurde fan goed ûntwurpen skeppings. Izerwinners litte grutte feardigens, hege spesjalisaasje, deskundich begryp en kreatyf fermogen fan har makkers sjen. Fan AI Sampling Singapore Primaire Funksje: Wenningarsjitektuer wurdt ferwachte dat it in tige heech achte, bewûndere en dierbere skepping is dy't praktysk en ynnovatyf is. Dit winnende ûntwerp fan de A' Design Award yn Izer yntegrearret de bêste praktiken fan de sektor en hat feardige technyske skaaimerken ferbûn mei kennis en talint. AI Sampling Singapore Primaire Funksje: Wenningarsjitektuer wurdt respektearre foar syn yngeandens en is ûntwurpen om ferbetteringen fan de kwaliteit fan it libben te leverjen dy't helpe de wrâld ta in bettere plak te meitsjen.

Behind the Design

Press Kit

Credits, team members and technical details provided by the designer.

Unique Properties: Is it possible to sample at scale and at high-resolution every single building ever built in a country? If so, can such a dataset be used to train an AI model in generating new yet locally compliant buildings without any explicit regulatory control inputs? The project explores the design agency of deep generative neural networks in learning three-dimensional exteriority and interiority with a redesigned 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model. Winner of WAFX2024, IDA2024 and BLT2024.
Dimensions & Packaging: This is a digital AI x Architecture project. Each generated output is a new high-rise high-density residential public housing of up to 30 floors.
Tags: AI
Production Technology: A custom generative AI model was trained from scratch using proprietary code base and dataset. Specifically, a 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model was trained to learn semantic and spatial configuration of high-rise high-density residential public housing in Singapore.
Design Challenge: The non-existence of 3D models and their corresponding floor plans was the first challenge. New workflow and tools had to be developed to not only collect (i.e., digitally and physically), but create (annotate) and curate (i.e., exploratory data analysis) such high quality dataset to train an AI model from scratch. Technically difficult due to the scalability of similar CAD representation which was overcome via a novel AI latent representation of 3D.
Research: A custom generative AI model was trained from scratch using proprietary code base and dataset. Specifically, a 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model was trained to learn semantic and spatial configuration of high-rise high-density residential public housing in Singapore.
Inspiration: Singapore is an artificial city! Trained with a large dataset of 3D digital models of high-rise buildings found in Singapore, the custom-designed AI model generates not only formally plausible and semantically coherent configurations, but begins to also imagine novel and uncanny architectural forms, interpolating and extrapolating among standard high-rise housing typologies such as the slab, point, and cluster blocks. Project exhibited at Venice Architecture Biennale and Singapore's Arts House.
Project Duration: This is an on-going and longer-term AI x Architecture research being conducted at the university design lab since 2021. It was however only published much later as an official architectural design award entry from 2024 onwards.
Operation Flow: This is a digital AI x Architecture generative research project, while the dataset was digitally collected from existing physical buildings in Singapore.
Patents: Currently no patent.
Team Members: Artificial-Architecture
Image Credits: All credits: Artificial-Architecture