AI Sampling Singapore Calli Tlachiualiztli by Immanuel Koh

AI Sampling Singapore Calli Tlachiualiztli by Immanuel Koh is a highly esteemed winner of the very prestigious 2025 Mahuizolli A' Design Award Tepoztli in Yancuicchihualiztli, Tlapohualiztepoztli, Tlanahuatiltepoztli ihuan Tepoztlalnamiquiliztli-Palehuilli Tlachihchihualiztli Competition Category.

TepoztliYancuicchihualiztli· 2025

AI Sampling Singapore Calli Tlachiualiztli

by Immanuel Koh

Client: Immanuel Koh

Mahuizolli A' Design Award Tepoztli Winner in Yancuicchihualiztli Category

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The Design

About AI Sampling Singapore Calli Tlachiualiztli

Singapur ce altepetl tlen tlachiualli. Inwan ce hueyi tlamachtiliztli tlamantli tlen 3D ixiptlayotl tlachiualli tlen weyak calli tlen monextia ipan Singapur, in AI tlanawatiltzin tlen mochiuh moyolyemania amo zan tlatlachializtli tlen weli ihuan tlamatiliztli tlen yektli, no peua moyolnonotza yancuic ihuan tetzauh calli tlachiualiztli, motlamati ihuan motlachialia inawac in weyak calli tlatzacualiztli ken in slab, point, ihuan cluster tlatzaccayotl.

The Recognition

About the Mahuizolli A' Design Award Tepoztli

AI Sampling Singapore Calli Tlachiualiztli ca in quicuic in Mahuizolli A' Design Award Tepoztli, tlamahuizoliztli tlen momaca in cualli dizayno in quitlalia in tlen monequi ipan tequitl ihuan tlachihualiztli in quimaca in cualli tlachihualli. In quicuicah Tepoztli quinextia in hueyi tlamatiliztli, toltecayotl ihuan ihuelitiliztli intlachihuanime. Ca quinequi in AI Sampling Singapore Calli Tlachiualiztli ca tlazohtli, mahuiztic, yancuic ihuan motequiuhtia. Ni dizayno in quicuic Tepoztli quihuelitia in tlamatiliztli ihuan quipia chicahualiztli tlen tepoztli. AI Sampling Singapore Calli Tlachiualiztli quicualtia in nemiliztli ihuan quihuelitia in cemanahuac ica cualli.

Behind the Design

Press Kit

Credits, team members and technical details provided by the designer.

Unique Properties: Is it possible to sample at scale and at high-resolution every single building ever built in a country? If so, can such a dataset be used to train an AI model in generating new yet locally compliant buildings without any explicit regulatory control inputs? The project explores the design agency of deep generative neural networks in learning three-dimensional exteriority and interiority with a redesigned 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model. Winner of WAFX2024, IDA2024 and BLT2024.
Dimensions & Packaging: This is a digital AI x Architecture project. Each generated output is a new high-rise high-density residential public housing of up to 30 floors.
Tags: AI
Production Technology: A custom generative AI model was trained from scratch using proprietary code base and dataset. Specifically, a 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model was trained to learn semantic and spatial configuration of high-rise high-density residential public housing in Singapore.
Design Challenge: The non-existence of 3D models and their corresponding floor plans was the first challenge. New workflow and tools had to be developed to not only collect (i.e., digitally and physically), but create (annotate) and curate (i.e., exploratory data analysis) such high quality dataset to train an AI model from scratch. Technically difficult due to the scalability of similar CAD representation which was overcome via a novel AI latent representation of 3D.
Research: A custom generative AI model was trained from scratch using proprietary code base and dataset. Specifically, a 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model was trained to learn semantic and spatial configuration of high-rise high-density residential public housing in Singapore.
Inspiration: Singapore is an artificial city! Trained with a large dataset of 3D digital models of high-rise buildings found in Singapore, the custom-designed AI model generates not only formally plausible and semantically coherent configurations, but begins to also imagine novel and uncanny architectural forms, interpolating and extrapolating among standard high-rise housing typologies such as the slab, point, and cluster blocks. Project exhibited at Venice Architecture Biennale and Singapore's Arts House.
Project Duration: This is an on-going and longer-term AI x Architecture research being conducted at the university design lab since 2021. It was however only published much later as an official architectural design award entry from 2024 onwards.
Operation Flow: This is a digital AI x Architecture generative research project, while the dataset was digitally collected from existing physical buildings in Singapore.
Patents: Currently no patent.
Team Members: Artificial-Architecture
Image Credits: All credits: Artificial-Architecture