AI Sampling Singapore Iṣẹ́ Pàtàkì: Iṣẹ́-ọnà Ilé Gbígbé by Immanuel Koh

AI Sampling Singapore Iṣẹ́ Pàtàkì: Iṣẹ́-ọnà Ilé Gbígbé by Immanuel Koh is a highly esteemed winner of the very prestigious 2025 Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Irin A' Design Award in Àpẹẹrẹ Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀, Àlgọ́rídímù, Párámétrìkì àti Àtìlẹ́yìn-AI Competition Category.

IrinÌpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀· 2025

AI Sampling Singapore Iṣẹ́ Pàtàkì: Iṣẹ́-ọnà Ilé Gbígbé

by Immanuel Koh

Client: Immanuel Koh

Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Irin A' Design Award Winner in Ìpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ Category

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The Design

About AI Sampling Singapore Iṣẹ́ Pàtàkì: Iṣẹ́-ọnà Ilé Gbígbé

Àkọsílẹ̀ Ìwé: Síngápọ́ọ̀ jẹ́ ìlú tí a fi ọwọ́ ènìyàn dá. Lẹ́yìn tí a ti kọ́ ọ pẹ̀lú àkójọ ìsọfúnni ńlá tí ó ní àwòṣe oníka mẹ́ta (3D) ti àwọn ilé gíga tí a rí ní Síngápọ́ọ̀, àwòṣe AI tí a ṣe ní pàtàkì kò kàn ṣe àgbéjáde àwọn ìṣètò tí ó bá ìrísí mu tí ó sì bá ìtumọ̀ lọ́gbọ́n nìkan, ṣùgbọ́n ó tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í fi ọkàn ronú nípa àwọn ìrísí iṣẹ́-ọnà tuntun tí ó sì ya ènìyàn lẹ́nu, ní fífi ìbátan àárín àti ní fífa àfilọ́lẹ̀ jáde láàrin àwọn irú ilé gíga gbígbé tí ó wọ́pọ̀ bíi pẹ̀lẹ̀bẹ̀ (slab), ojúpòint, àti àwọn àkójọ ilé.

The Recognition

About the Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Irin A' Design Award

AI Sampling Singapore Iṣẹ́ Pàtàkì: Iṣẹ́-ọnà Ilé Gbígbé jẹ́ olùborí Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Irin A' Design Award, ìdánimọ̀ olókìkí tí a fún àwọn àwòṣe tó dára tí wọ́n pàdé àwọn ohun tí iṣẹ́ àti ilé-iṣẹ́ nílò tí a retí láti ọ̀dọ̀ àwọn ẹ̀dá tí a ṣàwòṣe dáradára. Àwọn olùborí Irin ń fi ìjáfáfá ńlá, ìmọ̀ pàtó gíga, òye ògbóǹtarìgì àti agbára ìṣẹ̀dá àwọn olùṣẹ̀dá wọn hàn. A retí pé AI Sampling Singapore Iṣẹ́ Pàtàkì: Iṣẹ́-ọnà Ilé Gbígbé yóò jẹ́ ẹ̀dá tí a kà sí gidigidi, tí a gbóríyìn fún tí a sì nífẹ̀ẹ́, tó wúlò tó sì ní ìmúṣẹ̀dá tuntun. Àwòṣe tó borí Àmì-ẹ̀yẹ Irin A' Design Award yìí ń kó àwọn ọ̀nà tó dára jùlọ ilé-iṣẹ́ jọ, ó sì ní àwọn ànímọ́ ìmọ̀-ẹ̀rọ tó péye tí a so mọ́ ìmọ̀ ṣíṣe àti ẹ̀bùn. A bọ̀wọ̀ fún AI Sampling Singapore Iṣẹ́ Pàtàkì: Iṣẹ́-ọnà Ilé Gbígbé nítorí ìfọ̀kànbalẹ̀ rẹ̀, a sì ṣàwòṣe rẹ̀ láti pèsè ìmúdára ìgbésí ayé tó ń ran ayé lọ́wọ́ láti di ibi tó dára jù.

Behind the Design

Press Kit

Credits, team members and technical details provided by the designer.

Unique Properties: Is it possible to sample at scale and at high-resolution every single building ever built in a country? If so, can such a dataset be used to train an AI model in generating new yet locally compliant buildings without any explicit regulatory control inputs? The project explores the design agency of deep generative neural networks in learning three-dimensional exteriority and interiority with a redesigned 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model. Winner of WAFX2024, IDA2024 and BLT2024.
Dimensions & Packaging: This is a digital AI x Architecture project. Each generated output is a new high-rise high-density residential public housing of up to 30 floors.
Tags: AI
Production Technology: A custom generative AI model was trained from scratch using proprietary code base and dataset. Specifically, a 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model was trained to learn semantic and spatial configuration of high-rise high-density residential public housing in Singapore.
Design Challenge: The non-existence of 3D models and their corresponding floor plans was the first challenge. New workflow and tools had to be developed to not only collect (i.e., digitally and physically), but create (annotate) and curate (i.e., exploratory data analysis) such high quality dataset to train an AI model from scratch. Technically difficult due to the scalability of similar CAD representation which was overcome via a novel AI latent representation of 3D.
Research: A custom generative AI model was trained from scratch using proprietary code base and dataset. Specifically, a 3D generative adversarial network (3D-GAN) AI model was trained to learn semantic and spatial configuration of high-rise high-density residential public housing in Singapore.
Inspiration: Singapore is an artificial city! Trained with a large dataset of 3D digital models of high-rise buildings found in Singapore, the custom-designed AI model generates not only formally plausible and semantically coherent configurations, but begins to also imagine novel and uncanny architectural forms, interpolating and extrapolating among standard high-rise housing typologies such as the slab, point, and cluster blocks. Project exhibited at Venice Architecture Biennale and Singapore's Arts House.
Project Duration: This is an on-going and longer-term AI x Architecture research being conducted at the university design lab since 2021. It was however only published much later as an official architectural design award entry from 2024 onwards.
Operation Flow: This is a digital AI x Architecture generative research project, while the dataset was digitally collected from existing physical buildings in Singapore.
Patents: Currently no patent.
Team Members: Artificial-Architecture
Image Credits: All credits: Artificial-Architecture