Ching Lee, Jeanne Tan and Jun Jong Tan

Our background is in textile design, and in recent years, we have focused primarily on interaction design. We've always been passionate about creating meaningful and engaging experiences through design, which naturally led us to explore the potential of textiles as a medium for interactive, human-centered solutions. By combining the tactile and emotional qualities of textiles with technology, we aim to enhance user interaction and well-being through thoughtful, responsive design approaches.

We are part of a design team working under AiDLab — the Artificial Intelligence and Design Laboratory — an interdisciplinary research platform that brings together experts from both creative and technological fields. At AiDLab, we are currently involved in a project titled 'Intelligent Fashion Design,' which explores the integration of AI and emerging technologies into the fashion and textile industries. Our work focuses on combining innovative design thinking with advanced technologies to create smart, user-centered fashion solutions that respond to real human needs. It's an exciting environment that fosters collaboration between design, science, and cutting-edge innovation.

For us, design is a way of thinking and problem-solving that goes beyond aesthetics. It’s about creating meaningful experiences that improve people’s lives. We see design as a powerful tool for communication and innovation — a process that blends creativity, functionality, and empathy. Especially in our work, design means understanding human needs and integrating technology thoughtfully to deliver intelligent, user-centered solutions. Ultimately, design is about making a positive impact through purposeful and responsible creation.

We are most passionate about designing works that are human-interactive and human-centered. We enjoy creating designs that actively engage users and respond to their needs in meaningful ways. Whether through tactile experiences, responsive textiles, or smart interfaces, we aim to develop solutions that foster intuitive interaction and emotional connection. For us, the most fulfilling design work is that which enhances everyday life and creates a deeper relationship between people and their environment.

One of our favorite designs is an AI-based interactive illuminative textile that we have developed over the past few years. This project represents a meaningful integration of technology and design, and it has been applied in various areas including fashion, interior design, and rehabilitation. The textile system incorporates deep learning and computer vision technologies, with an embedded camera that is capable of capturing users' body posture and gestures in real time. Based on these inputs, the illuminative fabric responds by changing colors according to a programmed color system. This creates a dynamic, responsive experience that not only enhances aesthetics but also explores new forms of interaction between humans and materials. We are proud of this work as it demonstrates the potential of intelligent textiles in creating smarter and more empathetic environments.

The first design created for a company under the lead of Ching Lee was the award-winning ChromaHeat AI. The concept originated a few years ago during Ching’s PhD research in fashion and textile design. It was inspired by the idea of integrating smart materials and responsive technologies to enhance user experience through intelligent, color-changing textiles. This project marked the beginning of our journey in exploring the intersection of fashion, textiles, and AI-driven interaction.

Our favorite material is polymeric optical fiber, which we’ve applied extensively in our work to create illuminated textiles. This material is highly flexible and can be seamlessly integrated into various textile structures, allowing us to develop fabrics that emit light and respond to environmental or user input. Its versatility and compatibility with traditional textile techniques make it ideal for combining aesthetics with functionality — especially in applications such as fashion, interior design, and interactive installations.

I feel the most creative when exploring the integration of AI to control heating temperatures in e-textiles. The ability to use artificial intelligence to dynamically respond to user needs—such as adjusting warmth in real time—opens up exciting possibilities for both comfort and functionality. With AI increasingly being used to enhance quality of life, applying it to smart textiles allows us to design more personalized, adaptive, and human-centered solutions.

During the design process, we place strong emphasis on data collection, particularly for training AI systems. Since there is limited open-source data available that relates key factors—such as a user’s age, gender, height, and weight, along with environmental conditions like ambient temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity—to the optimal heating temperature in e-textiles, we often need to build our own datasets from the ground up. This data is essential to ensure that the heating system can intelligently adapt to individual needs and deliver maximum thermal comfort. While it requires significant time and effort, this step is crucial for creating effective, human-centered smart textile solutions.

When we design, we experience a blend of excitement, curiosity, and a deep sense of purpose. There’s a genuine joy in exploring new ideas and pushing the boundaries of what materials and technology can achieve. At the same time, we feel a strong sense of responsibility, especially when creating human-centered designs that can impact people’s daily lives. The process is both intellectually stimulating and emotionally fulfilling, as it allows us to transform creativity into meaningful and innovative solutions.

When our designs are realized, we feel a strong sense of fulfillment and pride. Seeing our ideas come to life—especially after a long process of research, experimentation, and development—is incredibly rewarding. It’s especially meaningful when the final outcome not only meets our expectations but also positively impacts users. We also feel inspired and motivated to keep innovating, knowing that our work can make a real difference through thoughtful, human-centered design.

A design is successful when it can be applied in real-life scenarios and effectively addresses existing problems. For us, true success lies in creating solutions that are not only innovative but also practical and impactful. A well-designed product should enhance the user's experience, solve meaningful challenges, and seamlessly integrate into everyday life. When a design meets real needs and improves quality of life, that's when we consider it truly successful.

When evaluating whether a design is good or bad, the first aspects we consider are its functionality and how well it addresses the intended user needs. A good design should effectively solve a problem or serve a clear purpose while being intuitive and user-friendly. We also look at the design’s usability, scalability, and how seamlessly it integrates into real-life scenarios. Aesthetics and innovation are important too, but for us, a truly successful design starts with meaningful impact and human-centered thinking.

From our point of view, designers have a significant responsibility to both society and the environment. As creators of products, systems, and experiences that shape everyday life, we must prioritize human well-being, inclusivity, and accessibility in our work. At the same time, we are responsible for considering the environmental impact of our designs—from material selection and production methods to product longevity and end-of-life disposal. Sustainable thinking should be embedded throughout the design process. We believe that designers should act as problem-solvers, innovators, and advocates for positive change—using design not only to meet functional needs, but also to contribute to a more equitable, responsible, and sustainable future for all.

The design field is evolving rapidly, driven by technological advancements, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a growing awareness of social and environmental responsibility. Designers today are not just focused on aesthetics, but are also deeply involved in creating systems, experiences, and solutions that address complex global challenges. One of the most significant shifts we see is the integration of emerging technologies—such as artificial intelligence, data science, and smart materials—into the design process. This opens up new opportunities for personalization, interactivity, and human-centered innovation. We believe the future of design lies in its ability to be adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable. Designers will increasingly play a key role in bridging the gap between people and technology, ensuring that innovations are not only functional but also ethical, accessible, and environmentally conscious. In this changing landscape, design will continue to serve as a powerful force for positive impact in society.

Our most recent exhibition was Culture. Future: Kan Tai Keung × Jeanne Tan – Intelligent Textiles for Interactive Art , held at the Victoria and Albert Museum in the U.K. on July 17, 2024. For this exhibition, our research team collaborated with renowned artist Kan Tai Keung to develop a series of intelligent textiles designed for interactive art experiences. It was an exciting opportunity to showcase how art, design, and smart textile technology can come together in meaningful ways. We are currently planning our next exhibition, which will take place in China and Hong Kong. The goal is to present the latest outcomes of our ongoing research, further demonstrating how intelligent textiles can be applied across art, design, and daily life to enhance interactive and human-centered experiences.

The inspiration for our designs often comes from observing everyday technologies and reimagining how they could be applied to textiles and human-centered applications. For instance, the idea behind ChromaHeat AI was inspired by the Fuzzy Logic temperature control systems used in air conditioners. These systems operate using IF-THEN rules to automatically adjust the cooling level based on changes in ambient conditions. This sparked the idea—what if we could apply a similar logic, enhanced by artificial intelligence, to create a smart heating system for e-textiles? By considering both user profile factors (such as age, gender, height, and weight) and environmental conditions (like temperature, humidity, and air velocity), we aimed to develop an intelligent textile capable of automatically adjusting heat output to achieve optimal thermal comfort. To feed our creativity, we stay curious and open to interdisciplinary thinking, drawing inspiration from both technology and daily life. Collaborations with experts from different fields also provide valuable insights that fuel innovation in our work.

Our design style is best described as human-centered, or user-centered. We focus on creating solutions that respond directly to users’ needs, behaviors, and comfort. In our recent work—particularly in projects involving intelligent textiles for thermal regulation—we’ve come to understand that thermal comfort is a highly subjective experience. This has led us to explore this design approach more deeply, integrating user-specific data to ensure that the outcomes truly reflect individual preferences. Our methodology involves data-driven design, where user testing and environmental interaction play a key role. As part of our ongoing development, we plan to conduct more extensive subject tests to gather precise data for AI training. This approach allows us to create personalized, adaptive systems that offer optimal comfort and functionality. The core characteristics of our style include interactivity, adaptability, and a strong emphasis on emotional and physical user engagement.

We are based in Hong Kong, a vibrant and multicultural city that greatly influences our design approach. As an international hub, Hong Kong offers a dynamic environment where experts from various disciplines regularly exchange ideas. This openness and cross-cultural interaction have provided us with valuable opportunities for collaboration and innovation, especially in the fields of design and technology. Culturally, Hong Kong encourages a blend of tradition and modernity, which aligns well with our goal of integrating cutting-edge technology with everyday, human-centered applications. However, one challenge we face is the local climate. Since Hong Kong does not experience extreme cold weather, it presents limitations in conducting realistic outdoor testing for temperature-regulating designs such as the ChromaHeat AI jacket. As a solution, our initial tests were carried out in controlled indoor environments to simulate a wider range of ambient conditions. Despite this, the unique context of Hong Kong continues to inspire new ideas and encourage us to develop solutions that can adapt to diverse global settings.

Our collaborations typically begin with a concept or idea rooted in our research focus. Once we have a clear direction, we engage in discussions with our research director, who often provides full support for research and development. This collaborative process allows us to combine our design and innovation expertise with the guidance and strategic insights of the research director. Together, we work toward identifying practical and impactful solutions that align with both the research goals and real-world applications. It’s a dynamic and mutually beneficial process that enables us to bring forward-thinking ideas to life.

We believe that successful collaboration between companies and designers is built on mutual respect, open communication, and a shared vision. Our suggestion to companies is to involve designers early in the development process so that they can contribute strategically—not only in aesthetics, but also in functionality, user experience, and innovation. Trusting the designer's creative process and giving space for experimentation can lead to truly meaningful and user-centered outcomes. When selecting a good designer, companies should look beyond just a strong portfolio. A good designer should possess not only creativity and technical skills, but also the ability to understand user needs, think critically, and work collaboratively across disciplines. It's important to choose a designer whose values align with the company's goals and who demonstrates a passion for solving real-world problems through design.

Our design process typically begins with a clear concept — in this case, the idea of developing an AI temperature control system for heating e-textiles. From there, we move into material exploration, selecting and comparing various conductive yarns to evaluate their heating performance. Since the textiles are woven, we also experiment with different fabric structures to determine which configuration provides the most efficient heating and optimal color-changing effects. Once the best material and structural combinations are identified, we develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict the most suitable heating temperature for individual users. This involves collecting physiological and environmental data through subject testing, considering factors such as age, gender, body size, and ambient conditions. The final outcome of this process is the ChromaHeat AI jacket. Drawing from literature studies, we strategically focused on heating the upper back torso — identified as one of the body’s most thermally sensitive areas — to effectively enhance overall thermal comfort. This combination of material testing, structural innovation, AI modeling, and user-centered design forms the foundation of our design approach.

My five favorite design items at home are: Air purifier Air conditioner Washing machine Refrigerator Heater

As researchers, our daily routine typically revolves around a balance of creative and technical tasks. A typical day involves focusing on design exploration, material selection, and textile fabrication, followed by performance testing and data collection. We dedicate time to analyzing the results to improve our prototypes and ensure accuracy in our research outcomes. Once we achieve reliable findings, we concentrate on documenting and presenting our work through journal articles, conference papers, and patent applications to share our innovations with the wider academic and professional community.

For young and aspiring designers, we encourage them to stay curious, open-minded, and always ready to learn—from both success and failure. Focus on solving real-world problems through their designs, as true innovation goes beyond aesthetics to create meaningful impact. Be patient with the process; research, testing, and refinement take time but are essential to growth. Embrace collaboration and interdisciplinary thinking, as different perspectives often lead to the most creative solutions. Most importantly, be mindful of their responsibility to society and the environment—sustainable and ethical design matters. Believe in their vision, stay passionate, and let purpose guide their creative journey.

From our perspective, one of the greatest positives of being a designer is the ability to turn ideas into tangible solutions that can improve people's lives. It's a highly creative and fulfilling field that allows for constant innovation, exploration, and meaningful impact. Designers often have the opportunity to work across disciplines, collaborate with diverse teams, and contribute to shaping the future through human-centered thinking. However, the role also comes with challenges. One of the main difficulties is balancing creativity with practicality—ensuring that designs are not only innovative but also feasible, sustainable, and user-friendly. Additionally, the process can be time-consuming, with extensive testing, iterations, and sometimes limited resources. Despite these challenges, the sense of purpose and satisfaction in creating thoughtful, impactful designs makes the journey incredibly rewarding.

Our golden rule in design is to embrace a try-and-error approach while striving to bridge the gap between design and science. We believe that experimentation is essential to innovation, and by combining creative intuition with scientific methods, we can develop meaningful, user-centered solutions that are both functional and forward-thinking.

We believe that the most important skills for a designer include critical thinking, creativity, and empathy. A strong designer must be able to identify and solve real-world problems through thoughtful and innovative solutions. Technical skills—such as proficiency in design tools, material knowledge, and an understanding of emerging technologies—are also essential, especially in today’s rapidly evolving landscape. Equally important are communication and collaboration skills, as designers often work in interdisciplinary teams. Lastly, a mindset of continuous learning, along with resilience and adaptability, helps designers grow and stay relevant in a constantly changing world.

In our design process, we use a blend of traditional craftsmanship and advanced technologies. To develop and test our textile structures, we work with the Rapier Sample Loom (CCI/SL7900) to create intricate woven patterns. For performance evaluation, especially related to thermal responsiveness, we use an infrared camera to monitor and analyze the heating behavior of our e-textiles in real time. On the software side, we employ Scikit-learn Machine Learning in Python to build and train our Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. This allows us to analyze data collected from user testing and predict optimal heating temperatures tailored to individual profiles and ambient conditions. Our toolbox reflects our interdisciplinary approach—bridging textile design, materials science, and artificial intelligence to create innovative, human-centered smart textiles.

Designing can indeed be time-consuming, especially when it involves research, testing, and multiple iterations. To manage our time effectively, we break the project into clear stages—such as concept development, material testing, data collection, and analysis—setting achievable goals and timelines for each phase. Prioritization is key; we focus on the most critical tasks first while allowing flexibility for adjustments as needed. Collaboration also plays an important role, as working in a team allows us to divide responsibilities based on expertise. Ultimately, staying organized, maintaining a clear workflow, and being adaptable help us balance creativity with productivity throughout the design process.

Designing an object—from the initial concept to the final prototype—can be a lengthy process. In our case, it typically takes around four years. This includes the early stages of idea development, material research, structural experimentation, performance testing, data collection, AI model training, and finally, the refinement and realization of a working prototype. Each phase is essential to ensure the outcome is innovative, functional, and user-centered.

As designers working at the intersection of textiles and technology, one of the most frequently asked questions we receive is: 'How does the textile actually respond to the user or environment?' People are often curious about how smart textiles work—especially how we integrate sensors, AI, and responsive materials to create interactive experiences. It opens up great conversations about the possibilities of future-focused, human-centered design.

One of our most important job experiences was leading the development of the ChromaHeat AI project. It was a multidisciplinary collaboration that combined textile design, artificial intelligence, and user-centered research. This project allowed us to apply our knowledge in smart textiles while working closely with experts from both scientific and creative fields. The process—from initial concept to prototype and exhibition—deepened our understanding of how design and technology can come together to create impactful, real-world solutions. It also helped solidify our commitment to research-driven, human-centered innovation.

Due to the nature of our research projects, many of our clients and collaborators come from academic institutions, innovation labs, and industry partners specializing in textiles, fashion, and technology. We also work closely with research directors, design studios, and cross-disciplinary teams interested in the integration of AI and smart materials. While some of our partnerships are confidential, we’re proud to collaborate with organizations that support forward-thinking, human-centered design and technological innovation.

We enjoy working most on human-centered, interactive design—particularly projects that integrate smart textiles with emerging technologies like AI. This type of work allows us to combine creativity with problem-solving, and to explore how design can directly improve everyday life. We find it especially rewarding to develop responsive systems that adapt to users' needs, such as temperature-regulating e-textiles, because they offer real, tangible benefits. The blend of science, technology, and user experience makes this kind of design both challenging and deeply fulfilling.

Our future plans focus on enhancing the functionality of ChromaHeat AI. We aim to expand our dataset to improve the accuracy and adaptability of the AI-driven temperature regulation system. Additionally, we are developing a complementary cooling system to complete the full spectrum of thermal management in e-textiles. By integrating both heating and cooling capabilities, we hope to create a more advanced, responsive solution for personalized thermal comfort in various real-life scenarios.

We work as a collaborative team, where each member contributes unique expertise to the design and development process. The project is led by Ching Lee, a PhD researcher specializing in the application of artificial intelligence in temperature-regulating textiles. Professor Jeanne Tan, from the School of Fashion and Textiles (SFT) at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), guides the team with her expertise in intelligent textile design. Jun Jong Tan, an engineer, supports the project by providing technical expertise in system development and integration. Together, our interdisciplinary team focuses on pioneering smart, interactive illuminative textiles and AI-powered temperature-regulating garments, aiming to push the boundaries of human-centered and technology-driven design.

Yes, we are currently working on the continued development and improvement of ChromaHeat AI . Our focus is on enhancing its functionality by expanding the dataset used for AI training to improve accuracy and responsiveness. We're also exploring new textile structures and advanced system integration to make the garment more adaptable to diverse user needs and environmental conditions. This work-in-progress represents our ongoing commitment to creating intelligent, user-centered textiles that offer both comfort and innovation.

You may contact us through our research director, Professor Jeanne Tan , at the School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. She can be reached via email at jeanne.tan@polyu.edu.hk for any inquiries or collaboration opportunities regarding our research and design projects.

Yes, in addition to our academic and research work, our team has also established a spin-off company called GERI LIMITED , which specializes in providing custom-made illuminative fabrics. This venture allows us to translate our research outcomes into real-world applications and commercial products. Through GERI LIMITED, we aim to bring innovative textile solutions to a wider audience, supporting industries such as fashion, interior design, and healthcare with smart, interactive materials.

I am Ching Lee, the project leader of ChormaHeat AI Heating Textile. I have recently completed my PhD in Fashion and Textiles Design at the School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. My doctoral research focused on the 'Design and Development of an Intelligent Systematic Temperature Control for Woven Thermal Illuminative E-Textiles,' combining AI technologies with innovative textile applications. Prior to my PhD, I also graduated from the same institution with a background in fabric technology. I have hands-on experience working in a research and development company that specialized in flexible heaters, which gave me a solid foundation and practical understanding of heating textile systems. This blend of academic research and industry experience has allowed me to explore and lead cutting-edge projects in the field of smart, interactive, and temperature-regulating textiles.

My journey to becoming a designer has been deeply rooted in my curiosity for creating new things through a scientific lens. I’ve always been fascinated by how design can merge creativity with functionality, especially when supported by strong technical knowledge. As both a researcher and a designer, I believe that having a solid foundation in relevant scientific and technical areas is crucial for developing truly innovative solutions. What drew me to design was the opportunity to turn ideas into tangible, meaningful products that can improve people’s lives. During my academic journey—particularly through my studies in fabric technology and later my PhD in fashion and textiles design—I realized how much potential there is in combining design thinking with research methodologies. I also believe that design is not a solo effort. Collaboration plays an essential role in the development process. Working in a multidisciplinary team allows for the sharing of diverse ideas and perspectives. Everyone brings their own expertise, and through open communication, we are able to refine and enhance the functionality and impact of our designs. It’s this exchange of knowledge and the drive to innovate that keeps me passionate about being a designer.

When approaching a new design project, my top three priorities are functionality , human-centered thinking , and data-driven innovation . First and foremost, I focus on ensuring the design serves a real purpose and has a positive impact on users' lives. Functionality is key—especially in the field of smart textiles, where both comfort and performance must be achieved. My style and technique are rooted in integrating science with design . I rely heavily on research-based methods , combining hands-on experimentation with the latest digital tools and technologies. For example, in many of my projects, I use artificial intelligence and machine learning to drive intelligent responses in textiles—such as in ChromaHeat AI, where the garment adjusts heating based on user data and environmental changes. I also prioritize physical prototyping and testing . While digital simulations and computer-aided design are essential in the early exploration phase, real-world testing through mock-ups and user feedback is critical to refining the final product. My design approach is iterative: I gather data, test results, analyze feedback, and continue refining. Across all my projects, the central theme is clear—design should be intelligent, responsive, and rooted in human needs.

When I’m designing, I experience a mix of curiosity, excitement, and fulfillment . The most exciting part for me is the early conceptual phase—when an idea first sparks and you begin to explore its potential. There’s a sense of discovery in that moment, especially when combining scientific knowledge with creative thinking to solve real-life challenges. As the design progresses, I find joy in the journey of experimentation and problem-solving —testing different materials, analyzing data, and refining the details to improve both functionality and user experience. It's incredibly fulfilling to see how each small decision contributes to a larger, purposeful outcome. The final stage—seeing the prototype come to life—is deeply rewarding. There’s a sense of pride in knowing that what began as a concept has transformed into a real, tangible product that can enhance people’s lives. Designing gives me a strong sense of purpose; it allows me to turn insights into innovation, and that process brings both intellectual satisfaction and emotional joy.

Several non-design skills have significantly shaped me as a designer—most notably my scientific research background , analytical thinking , and collaborative mindset . Coming from a background in fabric technology and later earning a PhD in fashion and textiles design , I’ve developed strong capabilities in experimental design, data analysis, and problem-solving. These skills enable me to approach design challenges methodically, validate ideas through testing, and integrate advanced technologies such as AI into wearable systems. Another important skill is communication . Since my work often involves interdisciplinary collaboration—with engineers, scientists, and fellow designers—being able to clearly exchange ideas and bridge different areas of expertise is essential. I also value resilience and adaptability , which help me navigate the iterative nature of design, where not every idea succeeds on the first try. One of the biggest influences on my design work has been my experience working in R&D for flexible heating materials. It sparked my passion for temperature-regulating textiles and showed me how innovation can directly benefit people’s comfort and well-being. My journey as a designer has been one of continuous integration between research , technology , and human-centered creativity , and this intersection continues to inspire everything I create.

My growth path has been shaped by a continuous passion for merging science with design to create meaningful, human-centered innovations. From studying fabric technology to completing a PhD in fashion and textiles design, I’ve developed both the technical expertise and creative vision needed to push the boundaries of smart textile innovation. Looking ahead, my future plan is to further improve the ChromaHeat AI system —enhancing its performance, expanding the training dataset, and optimizing user interaction. The ultimate goal is to refine it into a fully functional, market-ready product that can bring intelligent thermal comfort to everyday life. I aim to bridge the gap between research and real-world application, making wearable technology more accessible and impactful. My dream design project is to create a comprehensive temperature-regulating wearable system that combines both heating and cooling functions, adaptable to individual users across various environments. I want to be remembered as a designer who fused science, technology, and empathy to develop intelligent solutions that not only solve problems but also enhance quality of life. There are still many concepts in smart textiles I hope to explore in the future—with the right resources and collaborations, I’d love to expand the applications of intelligent fabrics into healthcare, well-being, and sustainable living.

My advice to young designers at the beginning of their careers is to stay curious, be patient, and never stop learning . The design journey is filled with challenges, but every obstacle is also an opportunity to grow. One important lesson I've learned is that failure is part of the process —many of the best ideas come through trial and error, so don't be afraid to experiment and iterate. I would also advise new designers to build a strong foundation in both creativity and technical knowledge . In today’s design landscape, especially when working with smart textiles and emerging technologies, understanding the science behind your work can open up entirely new design possibilities. Collaboration is another key—working with people from different disciplines not only broadens your perspective but also strengthens your ideas. One of the best pieces of advice I received from my mentors was: ‘Design with purpose and test with users.’ It reminds me to focus on real-world applications and human needs rather than designing for aesthetics alone. To grow your expertise, stay engaged with current research, attend conferences, explore interdisciplinary collaborations, and most importantly—stay passionate. It’s your passion that will drive you forward through each challenge and toward innovation.

One principle I firmly believe in is that successful design must be grounded in purpose , not just aesthetics. No matter how visually striking a product may be, if it doesn’t add value or meet a need, it’s incomplete. I encourage fellow designers, artists, and architects to always start with a deep understanding of the user and the problem you’re solving —research, empathy, and data must guide your decisions. Another key to long-term success is staying adaptable and open to interdisciplinary collaboration . Many of the most innovative solutions come from stepping outside your comfort zone and working alongside experts in other fields. In my own work, bridging design with science and technology has opened up incredible possibilities in smart textiles and wearable systems. One common pitfall I’ve seen is the reluctance to embrace failure as a learning tool . There’s a natural tendency to over-perfect the first idea, but testing, failing, and refining are crucial parts of the process. Create, test early, and refine continuously—it leads to better results and clearer insights. Lastly, keep evolving . New tools, materials, and technologies are emerging constantly. Stay informed, be curious, and don’t be afraid to challenge conventional methods. Good design is never static—it grows, adapts, and improves as we do.

My daily routine as a designer and researcher is a balance between structured planning and creative problem-solving. I usually start my morning by checking emails and reviewing my to-do list, followed by catching up on the latest research articles or design news—especially anything related to smart textiles, wearable technologies, or AI advancements. Staying informed helps me stay inspired and aligned with current trends and developments. The majority of my day is spent working in the lab or studio, where tasks include textile fabrication, prototype development, running performance tests, and analyzing data. I also dedicate time to documenting results and writing papers for publication, as research output is a core part of our work. What I enjoy most, even on routine days, are the moments when a small experiment produces unexpected but promising results—it’s those little breakthroughs that keep me motivated. I also find joy in team discussions, where different perspectives often lead to exciting new ideas. Despite being technically demanding, the day-to-day process is deeply rewarding because every step brings us closer to innovative, meaningful design outcomes.

I believe that while it's important to stay aware of the latest design trends, my focus is more on developing timeless, functional, and user-centered designs grounded in scientific research and real-world needs. In the field of smart textiles and wearable technology, trends can inform aesthetics and user preferences, but the core of our work lies in innovation, functionality, and long-term impact . That said, I do keep up with emerging trends in both design and technology—especially developments in materials science, AI applications, wearable tech, and sustainability. I stay updated through academic journals, industry reports, international exhibitions, and interdisciplinary conferences. I also draw inspiration from current challenges in health, well-being, and everyday living, which often reveal opportunities for more meaningful and relevant design. Ultimately, I aim to balance trend awareness with originality . My designs reflect a thoughtful blend of user expectations and innovative functionality, rather than following seasonal stylings. By doing so, I hope to create designs that remain relevant, impactful, and adaptable over time.

For me, a well-designed product is one that seamlessly balances functionality, usability, aesthetics, and purpose . Good design addresses real user needs and solves problems in an intuitive and accessible way. It should not only perform its intended function but also enhance the user experience , often in ways that feel effortless or even delightful. In my practice, especially in smart textiles and wearable solutions, a good design is one that is human-centered , backed by data, and adaptable to diverse conditions. I always look for whether the product responds intelligently to user behavior or environmental changes and if it communicates its purpose without an instruction manual. That ‘aha! ’ moment comes when everything feels naturally integrated—when the interface, form, and function work together harmoniously. Common mistakes to avoid include over-complicating the user experience, prioritizing aesthetics over usability, or ignoring long-term sustainability. A truly good design considers clarity, empathy, and impact —it's not just about looking good, it's about working well and making life better.

I believe a design is never truly finished , but there comes a point where it is ready for implementation —where all the core objectives have been met, the functionality is validated, and the user experience is smooth and intuitive. For me, that moment arrives after extensive testing , feedback, and refinement, when the design performs consistently under different conditions and addresses user needs without compromise. Because I work at the intersection of design and research, I rely on data and user-centered validation to know when to move forward. If the design achieves its intended purpose, performs reliably, and users respond positively, then it's ready to be finalized—at least for that version. That said, I always keep an open mind for future improvement. Design is an evolving process, and as technology and user expectations shift, there is always room to innovate further. I often revisit past projects with fresh insights, which helps drive the ongoing evolution of my work. So while I believe in completing a design with confidence, I also view it as part of a continuous growth journey .

My biggest and most meaningful design work to date is the development of ChromaHeat AI —an AI-powered, temperature-regulating, illuminative textile system. This project is the culmination of years of research, experimentation, and interdisciplinary collaboration, and it was also the focus of my PhD thesis. From the beginning, my aspiration was to design a smart textile that could dynamically respond to both environmental changes and user needs , ultimately enhancing thermal comfort through intelligent heating behavior. What makes ChromaHeat AI special is its combination of woven textile design, AI technology, and user-centric functionality . It uses embedded sensors and machine learning algorithms to adjust the heating output based on individual user profiles and external climate conditions. The textile structure and material composition were carefully designed and tested—with the aid of an infrared camera and a machine-trained ANN model—to optimize both thermal performance and aesthetic illumination. What sets this work apart is both the technical depth and human-centered approach . One of the biggest challenges was building a reliable dataset, as factors such as age, gender, height, weight, and ambient conditions all affect thermal comfort. The iterative process of testing and training the system was demanding, but incredibly rewarding. This project is especially close to me because it represents more than just a product—it reflects my belief in design as a powerful bridge between science and human experience. It also gave birth to our spin-off company, GERI LIMITED , which carries our research innovation forward into real-world applications. Currently, we are further improving the system’s functionality and working towards expanding it with cooling capabilities , moving toward a fully intelligent temperature-regulating textile platform. It remains the cornerstone of my design journey and one I am deeply proud of.

My favorite designer is Professor Jeanne Tan , who has been not only an inspiration but also my PhD supervisor and mentor. Her work in exploring the integration of polymeric optical fibers into textile structures to create illuminative fabrics that blend technology with design is truly groundbreaking. What makes her work stand out to me is the way she seamlessly bridges aesthetics with advanced functionality, applying her research to areas like fashion, interior design, and rehabilitation . Professor Tan’s forward-thinking approach—especially her investigations into the use of AI in smart textiles—has deeply influenced my own design philosophy. Her ability to see the broader societal potential of intelligent textiles, and her commitment to user-centered innovation, define everything I value in good design. If I had the chance to choose only one designer to continue learning from, it would certainly be her. She represents the kind of designer I aspire to be—one who creates with purpose, impact, and empathy.

I live in Hong Kong , a vibrant, international city that blends Eastern and Western influences—a place that has deeply shaped my perspective as a designer. The interdisciplinary and fast-paced nature of Hong Kong’s culture has nurtured my curiosity and adaptability, allowing me to think both technically and creatively. Our city's rich heritage, combined with its embrace of innovation, inspires me to design with a global vision while remaining grounded in local understanding . Currently, I'm working on enhancing the ChromaHeat AI system , incorporating wider datasets and moving toward the development of cooling functions to offer a complete intelligent thermal regulation solution through textiles. I believe good design plays a critical role in advancing society , especially when it responds to real human needs. Whether it's improving well-being, enhancing comfort, or increasing accessibility, meaningful design makes everyday life better. One small but positive change design has brought to my own life is the way I approach problems—from a holistic and user-centered perspective. This mindset extends beyond work—it influences how I organize my day, communicate with my team, and constantly seek to improve even the smallest details for better outcomes.

Our work culture is built on collaboration, innovation, and mutual respect . We work as a close-knit, interdisciplinary team , bringing together experts from fields such as design, engineering, and science. I believe it’s easy and rewarding to work with us, as we value open communication , shared responsibility , and a collective drive for meaningful, human-centered outcomes . I don’t work alone—our projects depend on the synergy of different skill sets. For example, in the development of ChromaHeat AI , I worked alongside Professor Jeanne Tan, who provided deep expertise in textile design, and Jun Jong Tan, an engineer specializing in system integration. Everyone contributes their own perspective, and that diversity pushes our designs forward. When selecting partners or collaborators, I look for individuals who are curious, open-minded, and committed to ethical and user-centered design . I value those who are both technically skilled and willing to engage in dialogue , because innovation is driven by continuous learning and shared ideas. People who are comfortable with experimentation, adaptable in the face of challenges, and passionate about impact tend to thrive in our team. What can’t be forgotten in our work culture is the strong foundation of research-led design, empathy, and continuous improvement . Our core challenges often lie in balancing innovation with functionality, and translating complex research into accessible, real-world applications. My key responsibilities include design leadership, system development, user testing, data analysis , as well as coordinating publication work and knowledge transfer. A good designer, in my view, must be curious, resilient, detail-oriented, and deeply empathetic . It’s the human aspect of design—understanding how people live, feel, and move—that gives our work its true value.

As a designer and researcher, I believe that design should serve a meaningful purpose and contribute to the betterment of society. Much of my work, especially in the development of smart textiles like ChromaHeat AI , is driven by the goal of improving human well-being and comfort through innovation . I see this as my way of giving back—by creating solutions that can enhance everyday life, particularly in areas like healthcare, rehabilitation, and sustainable living. I fully support the idea of designers and artists engaging in humanitarian and community-based projects . Design has the power to address inequalities, improve accessibility, and bring dignity to underserved populations. In the future, I would certainly consider applying our research and technologies in pro bono or socially driven initiatives—especially in developing smart garments or environmental solutions for vulnerable communities. I also stay actively involved in mentoring and collaborating with young designers and students , particularly through academic settings and research labs. Elevating new talent is an essential part of giving back to the community that shaped my own journey. I participate in design discussions, seminars, and conferences whenever possible to foster exchange and encourage innovation among emerging creatives. Good design, to me, is inclusive, functional, and impactful—it helps solve real problems while inspiring new possibilities. I’m committed to continuing to create opportunities for future designers , and to promoting a design culture that values empathy, ethics, and purpose over pure aesthetics.

Participating in the A’ Design Award has been a truly rewarding experience for me as a designer. It has not only given recognition to the hard work and research behind our project, but also provided a global platform to share our innovation with a much wider audience. Being named Designer of the Day is a great honor and a meaningful validation of our commitment to user-centered, technology-driven design. There are several key benefits to entering design competitions like the A’ Design Award. Firstly, exposure : it allows designers to showcase their work to an international community of peers, experts, and industry leaders. Secondly, credibility : recognition from a respected award boosts both personal and professional reputation. Thirdly, growth : the feedback, evaluation, and comparison with other entries provide valuable insights that help refine your design thinking and approach. Design awards also have the power to open new doors —from collaborations and partnerships to funding opportunities and media coverage. For me personally, it has reinforced the importance of innovation rooted in real-world needs, and it encourages me to keep pushing the boundaries of what design can achieve. Competitions like these are incredibly relevant today as they celebrate not just aesthetics, but the deeper purpose and impact that good design can have on society.

My background is rooted in both textile design and scientific research . I hold a PhD in Fashion and Textiles Design from the School of Fashion and Textiles at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , where I specialized in the design and development of intelligent systematic temperature control for woven thermal illuminative e-textiles . Prior to that, I earned a bachelor’s degree in fabric technology from the same institution, which laid a strong foundation in textile engineering and material behavior. My education and research have always focused on bridging design with technology , particularly in the fields of smart textiles , wearable systems , and AI-driven functionality . Through this journey, I’ve gained expertise not only in creative design but also in data analysis, user-centered research , and the application of machine learning in real-world wearable applications. It’s this interdisciplinary approach that continues to shape my work today.

What motivates me to design is the desire to create meaningful solutions that enhance people's lives —especially through the fusion of technology and human-centered design. I’ve always been curious about how things work and how they can be improved, particularly by combining scientific knowledge with textile innovation. That curiosity, along with a passion for problem-solving and experimentation , naturally led me to the field of design. I became a designer because I saw the potential of smart textiles to bridge form and function, and to turn everyday products into responsive, interactive systems . The idea that a fabric can do more than just cover or decorate—that it can think, feel, and adapt—is what inspired me the most. It’s incredibly rewarding to translate abstract ideas and complex technologies into simple, functional, and beautiful designs that make a tangible difference in real-world applications.

I definitely chose to become a designer . It was a decision driven by both curiosity and passion. From the beginning of my academic journey in fabric technology, I was fascinated by the intersection of science, materials, and creativity . As I progressed in my studies and research, I realized that design offered a powerful way to translate complex ideas into practical, user-centered solutions . Design gave me the freedom to explore meaningful innovations—especially in smart textiles—while also allowing me to apply my technical background in a creative, impactful way. It was never something I felt obligated to do; it was a natural and deeply fulfilling path that aligned with my personal interests and long-term goals.

I specialize in the design of smart textiles and wearable systems , with a focus on integrating artificial intelligence, responsive materials , and interactive technologies into functional textile structures. My work includes the development of temperature-regulating fabrics , illuminative textiles , and AI-driven e-textiles designed for applications in fashion, healthcare, rehabilitation, and interior design . In the future, I wish to design more advanced, multi-functional textiles that not only respond to external stimuli like temperature and humidity but also provide meaningful feedback to users—supporting physical comfort, emotional well-being, and even health monitoring . I’m particularly interested in expanding into textile-based environmental sensing and adaptive garments , pushing the boundary of how textiles can think, feel, and interact with their surroundings in real time.

To become a design legend—or simply to make a meaningful impact in the field—young designers should stay curious, be fearless about experimentation , and always design with a clear purpose . It’s important to focus not only on aesthetics but also on functionality, empathy, and innovation . The best designs solve real problems and improve lives. I always encourage young designers to build a strong foundation in both creativity and technical knowledge . Learn to understand the materials and technologies you work with, because that depth will empower you to push boundaries. Embrace collaboration— great design rarely happens in isolation—and always be open to feedback and multidisciplinary perspectives. Finally, remember that success doesn’t happen overnight. Be patient, persistent, humble , and stay true to your values and vision . The goal isn’t just to be recognized but to create work that stands the test of time and meaningfully contributes to society.

A good designer creates work that is functional, well-crafted, and visually appealing—but a great designer goes beyond that. A great designer creates solutions that are not only effective but also meaningful, forward-thinking, and deeply human-centered . What truly distinguishes a great designer is their ability to understand people , to empathize with users, and to design with purpose, not just aesthetics. Great designers constantly challenge the status quo , ask the right questions, and are not afraid to experiment, fail, and learn . They also consider the broader impact of their work—on society, the environment, and future generations. In my experience, great designers embrace interdisciplinary thinking and never stop growing. They stay curious, take risks, and create with a mindset that fuses creativity, ethics, and innovation —not just to make something beautiful, but to make a difference.

A really good design is one that successfully balances function, aesthetics, usability, and impact . It goes beyond just looking good—it solves a real problem, serves a clear purpose, and enhances the user's experience in a thoughtful and often intuitive way. For me, evaluating good design starts with asking: Does it work? Is it meaningful? Is it sustainable? A truly exceptional design demonstrates clarity in intention , efficiency in function , and elegance in execution . It should be user-centric , accessible , and emotionally resonant , while also considering long-term use and environmental responsibility . In my own practice, especially within smart textiles, I also evaluate good design based on how effectively it integrates technology with human needs , and whether it offers an adaptive, intelligent solution without compromising comfort or usability. A great design quietly invites trust—it seamlessly becomes a part of life without demanding attention.

Good design adds value far beyond appearance—it has the power to improve lives, solve real problems, and create lasting impact . At its core, good design is about clarity, usability, empathy, and functionality . It enhances the way we interact with the world, whether it's through a product, system, space, or experience. Investing in good design means investing in efficiency, sustainability, and innovation . Well-designed solutions can reduce waste, increase user satisfaction, support well-being, and even transform entire industries. Whether in healthcare, fashion, technology, or public space, good design leads to better outcomes for both users and businesses . In an increasingly complex world, good design provides intelligent simplicity . It ensures that products and systems are not just effective but meaningful , accessible , and sustainable . That’s why everyone—from individuals to companies to governments—should see good design as a strategic and essential investment for the future.

If I had the time, I would love to design a comprehensive smart textile system that supports health and well-being for vulnerable communities , particularly the elderly or people with physical disabilities . I envision wearable textiles that not only regulate temperature but also monitor vital signs, mobility, and comfort levels , offering both support and independence to those who need it most. I would design for NGOs, healthcare providers, and rehabilitation centers —organizations that serve people who could greatly benefit from adaptive, intelligent, and dignified solutions . Often, these users are overlooked in mainstream design, and I believe good design should be inclusive, compassionate, and accessible to all. This type of project would combine my passion for smart textiles and AI innovation with a purpose that delivers tangible social impact—a dream opportunity to use design as a tool for empathy, empowerment, and meaningful change.

My dream project is to create a fully-integrated smart textile system that combines adaptive heating, cooling, environmental monitoring, and biometric sensing into one wearable platform. The concept would address real-life needs in health care, disaster relief, and remote environments , supporting individuals who work or live in extreme conditions. It would be a textile that not only reacts—but thinks, communicates, and protects . This ambitious vision requires more time, resources, and cross-disciplinary collaboration, but it remains high on my list of future goals.

My secret recipe for success in design is the fusion of scientific research with human-centered creativity . The 'secret ingredient' is curiosity —I constantly ask questions, explore unconventional ideas, and seek to understand user needs on a deeper level. Every design I create is grounded in data-driven research , combined with empathetic thinking and a willingness to experiment . I believe that success comes from the ability to remain open-minded while maintaining a clear purpose in every decision.

I’m particularly inspired by Prof. Jeanne Tan , whose pioneering work in illuminative textiles using polymeric optical fibers laid the foundation for merging technology with expressive textile design. Outside my immediate field, I admire Dieter Rams for his principle of “less but better,” and Issey Miyake , who redefined fashion by integrating sculpture, movement, and technology. Their work demonstrates how design can be functional, emotionally resonant, and visually timeless .

I’m deeply drawn to Issey Miyake’s A-POC (A Piece of Cloth) Collection because of its innovation in form, material, and production. It's a perfect example of sustainable design, user interaction, and textile engineering coming together beautifully. I also admire Yves Béhar’s Sayl Chair for Herman Miller , which combines advanced materials, structural ingenuity, and ergonomic design—exactly the kind of balance I strive for in smart textiles.

My greatest design so far is ChromaHeat AI , an intelligent textile system that automatically adjusts heating levels based on individual user profiles and real-time environmental data. What makes it great in my eyes is its combination of advanced AI modeling, responsive textile engineering , and user-centered design . It not only solves a practical problem—personal thermal comfort—but also includes aesthetic detailing through color-changing illumination , which adds emotional engagement to the functionality.

To become better designers, people need to continuously embrace learning and remain adaptable . I always recommend stepping outside your comfort zone—work with different disciplines, explore unfamiliar technologies, and don’t be afraid to fail. For myself, pursuing a PhD in fashion and textile design , collaborating with engineers, and constantly testing and refining prototypes helped me push my creative and technical boundaries. Also, being open to feedback and viewing critique as a tool for improvement has been essential to my growth.

If I hadn’t become a designer, I likely would have pursued a path in scientific research or engineering , possibly in materials science or product development. I’ve always been drawn to understanding how things work and finding ways to improve them. Research and innovation still remain at the heart of what I do today—just expressed through the medium of design.

For me, design is a process of empathy-driven problem solving . It’s the translation of ideas and insights into practical, meaningful solutions that improve how people live, feel, and interact with their environment. Design is not just about aesthetics—it's about function, experience, innovation , and impact. It’s a language for creating change, bridging creativity with science and technology, and finding elegance in both form and purpose.

My greatest supporter has been Professor Jeanne Tan , who served as my mentor and supervisor during my PhD. Her guidance, vision, and belief in interdisciplinary thinking helped shape my approach to smart textile design. She encouraged innovation beyond the boundaries of traditional fashion or textiles and supported my journey through both technical and creative challenges. My team and collaborators have also played a crucial role in bringing our shared ideas to life.